2020年人类发展报告

30年前，联合国开发计划署创造了一种新的方法来设想和衡量进步。我们没有将GDP增长作为衡量发展的唯一标准，而是根据人类发展情况对世界各国进行了排名:根据每个国家的人民是否拥有自由和机会，过上他们珍视的生活。《2020年人类发展报告》加倍相信，如果我们要在一个更公平的世界中与地球平衡共存，人民的能动性和赋权可以带来我们所需的行动。它表明，我们正处于历史上前所未有的时刻，人类活动已成为塑造地球的主导力量。这些影响与现有的不平等现象相互作用，有可能导致严重的发展逆转。只有在我们的生活、工作和合作方式上进行重大变革，我们才能改变我们所走的道路。该报告探讨了如何快速启动这一转变。气候危机。生物多样性的崩溃。海洋酸化。 The list is long and growing longer. So much so that many scientists believe that for the first time, instead of the planet shaping humans, humans are knowingly shaping the planet. This is the Anthropocene – the Age of Humans - a new geologic epoch. Though humanity has achieved incredible progress, we have taken the Earth for granted, destabilizing the very systems upon which we rely for survival. Covid-19, which almost certainly sprang to humans from animals, offers a glimpse of our future, in which the strain on our planet mirrors the strain facing societies. It took Covid-19 very little time to expose and exploit overlapping inequalities, as well as weaknesses in social, economic, and political systems, and threaten reversals in human development. While the devastating effects of Covid-19 have taken the world’s attention, other layered crises, from climate change to rising inequalities, continue to take their toll. The challenges of planetary and societal imbalance are intertwined: they interact in a vicious circle, each making the other worse. How should we react to this new age? Do we choose to strike out on bold new paths striving to continue human development while easing planetary pressures? Or do we choose to try—and ultimately fail—to go back to business as usual and be swept into a dangerous unknown?